Percepción de los niños y niñas del clima escolar según la dinámica de los roles que adoptan en situaciones de intimidación a lo largo del ciclo lectivo / Children's perception of the school climate according to the dynamics of the roles they adopt in bullying situation throughout the school cycle

Un clima escolar (CE) percibido negativamente facilita la ocurrencia y el sostenimiento de las situaciones de intimidación escolar (IE). No hay evidencia sobre cómo varía la percepción del mismo según la participación del alumno en dichas situaciones en el ámbito escolar a lo largo de un ciclo lectivo. El objetivo fue comparar la variación de la percepción del CE en los alumnos según el dinamismo de su participación en situaciones de intimidación. Fue un estudio descriptivo realizado en 2015 en niños/as de 8-12 años de edad de escuelas primarias de Bahía Blanca. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios PRECONCIMEI (versión niños) y ECLIS. Variables estudiadas: tipo de participación en IE, participación en IE, dinamismo de la participación en IE, percepción del CE. Se realizó test de ANOVA, prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y de la mediana. La media de las diferencias para la percepción del CE global entre los participantes fue de -3.91 (IC 95% -8,02; 0,21). La diferencia de clima global no difirió significativamente entre categorías de dinamismo (P=0,38). Se observó un empeoramiento del CE en las categorías de dinamismo de participación en IE respecto a la de los niños no participantes, quienes no experimentaron cambios en su percepción del CE a lo largo del ciclo lectivo. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el análisis global y por dimensiones de la variación de CE entre ambas tomas.

A negatively perceived school climate (CE) facilitates the occurrence and maintenance of situations of school bullying (IE). There is no evidence on how the perception of it varies according to the participation of the student in said situations in the school environment throughout a school year. The objective was to compare the variation of the perception of the CE in the students according to the dynamism of their participation in bullying situations. It was a descriptive study carried out in 2015 in children aged 8-12 from primary schools in Bahía Blanca. The PRECONCIMEI (children's version) and ECLIS questionnaires were used. Variables studied: type of participation in EI, participation in EI, dynamism of participation in EI, perception of CE. ANOVA test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed. The mean of the differences for the perception of the global CE between the participants was -3.91 (95% CI -8.02; 0.21). The global climate difference did not differ significantly between dynamism categories (P=0.38). A worsening of the CE was observed in the categories of dynamism of participation in IE with respect to that of the non-participating children, who did not experience changes in their perception of the CE throughout the school year. No statistically significant differences were detected in the overall analysis and by dimensions of the CE variation between the two intakes.

Evidence for the reliability and validity of a Spanish translation of the Medication Management Ability Assessment administered via tele-assessment.

We translated the Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) from English to Spanish for use via tele-assessment and examined its reliability and validity. Following International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests, we used translation/back-translation and a small focus group (n = 6) to adapt a Spanish version of the MMAA. Eighty-six Spanish-speaking adults completed the adapted MMAA via tele-assessment at baseline and at a two-week follow-up visit. Participants also completed several self-report and performance-based cognitive and functional measures. The internal consistency of the MMAA was excellent (standardized Cronbach's α = 0.90). Performance-based functional assessments (PBFAs) and objective cognition were positively associated with the MMAA at small to medium effect sizes. Self-report measures of daily function and cognition, measures of health literacy, and estimates of premorbid intellectual functioning were not significantly associated with MMAA performance. The test-retest reliability of the MMAA was good (CCC = 0.73, 95% CI [0.62, 0.81]; rs = 0.37, p < 0.001) and demonstrated a small practice effect (Cohen's d = 0.36, p = 0.001). Preliminary evidence for the construct validity of a Spanish-language MMAA administered via tele-assessment further expands the potential clinical utility of PBFAs in culturally diverse, Spanish-speaking populations.

Predictors of Missed Follow-up Visits in the National Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify key variables that could predict risk of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in a nationally funded longitudinal database of persons with traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS) Centers in the US. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 17,956 TBIMS participants (N=17,956) with interview status data available were included if eligible for 1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 15-, or 20-year follow-ups between October 31, 1989, and September 30, 2020. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follow-up data collection completion status at years 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20. RESULTS: Information relevant to participants' history, injury characteristics, rehabilitation stay, and patterns of follow-up across 20 years were considered using a series of logistic regression models. Overall, LTFU rates were low (consistently <20%). The most robust predictors of LTFU across models were missed earlier follow-ups and demographic factors including Hispanic ethnicity, lower education, and lack of private health insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to retain participants in such social disadvantaged or minority groups are encouraged given their disproportionate rate of LTFU. Repeated attempts to reach participants after a previously missed assessment are beneficial because many participants that missed 1 or more follow-ups were later recovered.

Understanding loss to follow-up in a longitudinal study of people with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors related to attrition in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) study sample assessed up to 15 years after injury. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand twenty-eight participants with TBI who completed the year 1 follow-up assessment at a TBI Model Systems Center between 1992 and 2018. METHOD: Secondary analysis of data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study considering follow-up data collection completion status at years 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15. RESULTS: In univariable analyses, multiple factors were associated with loss to follow-up (LOFU) including being a member of a socially disadvantaged group, substance use history, residence, payor, cause of injury, and results of earlier follow-up attempts. In a multiple logistic regression analysis examining the prediction of follow-up condition at 10 or 15 years post-injury, only payor and race/ethnicity were significant predictors. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with higher odds of LOFU, and these participants often spoke Spanish and were born outside of the United States. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a need to understand sociodemographic variables and their influence on participant attrition in longitudinal TBI research. With a better understanding of these predictors, procedures can be developed to address retention of participants who are identified as being at increased risk for study drop out.

A sequence upstream of canonical PDZ-binding motif within CFTR COOH-terminus enhances NHERF1 interaction.

The development of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) targeted therapy for cystic fibrosis has generated interest in maximizing membrane residence of mutant forms of CFTR by manipulating interactions with scaffold proteins, such as sodium/hydrogen exchange regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1). In this study, we explored whether COOH-terminal sequences in CFTR beyond the PDZ-binding motif influence its interaction with NHERF1. NHERF1 displayed minimal self-association in blot overlays (NHERF1, Kd = 1,382 ± 61.1 nM) at concentrations well above physiological levels, estimated at 240 nM from RNA-sequencing and 260 nM by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in sweat gland, a key site of CFTR function in vivo. However, NHERF1 oligomerized at considerably lower concentrations (10 nM) in the presence of the last 111 amino acids of CFTR (20 nM) in blot overlays and cross-linking assays and in coimmunoprecipitations using differently tagged versions of NHERF1. Deletion and alanine mutagenesis revealed that a six-amino acid sequence 1417EENKVR1422 and the terminal 1478TRL1480 (PDZ-binding motif) in the COOH-terminus were essential for the enhanced oligomerization of NHERF1. Full-length CFTR stably expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells fostered NHERF1 oligomerization that was substantially reduced (∼5-fold) on alanine substitution of EEN, KVR, or EENKVR residues or deletion of the TRL motif. Confocal fluorescent microscopy revealed that the EENKVR and TRL sequences contribute to preferential localization of CFTR to the apical membrane. Together, these results indicate that COOH-terminal sequences mediate enhanced NHERF1 interaction and facilitate the localization of CFTR, a property that could be manipulated to stabilize mutant forms of CFTR at the apical surface to maximize the effect of CFTR-targeted therapeutics.